In Ancient Greece, interest in the brain began with the work of Alcmaeon, who appeared to have dissected the eye and related the brain to vision. The first known written record of a study of the anatomy of the human brain is an ancient Egyptian document, the Edwin Smith Papyrus. Bourgery's anatomy of the brain, brainstem, and upper spinal column This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy. For information about the typical structure of the Homo sapiens nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or "lesions" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.įor information about the composition of non-human animal nervous systems, see nervous system. The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). Their neuroanatomy is therefore better understood.
In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems. Neuroanatomy is the study of the structure and organization of the nervous system. Pictured here is a cross-section showing the gross anatomy of the human brain Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and organisation of the nervous system.
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